These have been given many names, but all identify the same item on the engine: Oxygen Sensor (O2) or (O2S) or (O2’s) Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor (EGO) Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2) Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor (HEGOS) Not all Oxygen sensors are heated, so using the word “heated” might not be correct for certain vehicle…
Nissan, like any automotive manufacturer, offers a variety of models, each with its own set of gear ratios tailored to its intended purpose, whether it be performance, efficiency, or a balance of both. The specific gear ratios can vary based on the transmission type, model year, and trim level. Here’s a general overview of Nissan…
A bolt pattern or lug pattern is the diameter of a circle formed by the centers of the wheel lugs. Bolt patterns can be 4, 5, 6, or 8 lug holes. A bolt pattern of 4×100 would indicate a 4 lug pattern on a circle with a diameter of 100 mm. The bolt pattern is…
15″ Wheel weights Name Manufacturing Method Size Weight (lbs.) Weight (kgs.) MRT Billet/Carbon Fiber 15×10 10.0 4.5 RS Watanabe EightSpoke R Type Cast Mg 15×10 12.1 5.5 Circle Racing Series 82 Spun 15×10 15.3 6.9 Superlight Billet Billet/Spun 15×10 15.8 7.2 Superlight Ultralight Cast/Spun 15×10 17.1 7.8 RS Watanabe…
When it comes to the performance and safety of your vehicle, many factors play a crucial role, and one often overlooked component is the humble wheel weight. These small, inconspicuous metal pieces attached to your wheels serve a significant purpose in ensuring a smooth and balanced ride. In this blog post, we will dive into…
The Ford Zetec is a name used on many inline 4 cylinder automobile engines. All are multi-valve DOHC engines, but they are based on three distinctly different designs. It as used in cars such as Ford Mondeo, 1995-2000 Ford Contour/Mercury Mystique, 1999-2002 Mercury Cougar, 2000-2003 Ford Escape/Mazda Tribute, 2000-2003 Ford Focus and 1998-2003 Ford Escort…
OBD-II cars (1996 – present) have the two O2 sensors to measure the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas. First sensor is measuring it right after gases escape engine and this data is used to adjust fuel trim of the engine, as well as catch some faulty conditions. The second sensor is located after…
Maintaining your Ford Focus in top condition is essential to enjoy a smooth and trouble-free driving experience. One often-overlooked aspect of vehicle maintenance is the manual transmission fluid (MTX) change. Regularly changing the MTX fluid is vital to ensure your Ford Focus’s manual transmission system operates at its best. In this comprehensive guide, we will…
The procedures outlined in this article were performed on a 1999 Jetta TDI MK IV. Examine your engine, look at these photos and study the locations of the components you may need to move during this maintenance task. Read completely through this guide at least once prior to starting so you are not surprised, or…
Advantages A comparison between power (top) and manual (bottom) steering racks on a Ford Escort. Weight Reduction: Manual steering racks are typically lighter than their hydraulic counterparts. Power steering systems require cumbersome lines, fluid reservoirs, pumps, mounts, and sometimes coolers to function. Eliminating power steering removes a decent amount of weight from beneath the hood…
After spending three years on the Miata and taking third last year, it’s time to head in a different direction. Something new and quite different must be built – something other than a car with a turbo slapped on and a paint job. Enter my ’91 Mercury Tracer LTS. That’s right, a four door sedan….
While there were first and second generation Dodge Caravan minivans that came with a manual transmission, the third generation never did. However certain versions of it are easier to convert than most people think. The third generation Dodge Caravans sometimes came with a 2.4 L engine that was also used in the neons, pt cruisers,…
Due to the 5-speed option in 2nd gen Dodge Caravans, this conversion was much simpler than custom jobs such as converting a 3rd gen Caravan. The parts for the following conversion were obtained from a junkyard from a 1994 Plymouth Voyager which had everything needed such as the shifter, cables, pedals, and subframe. The manual…
Wheel fitment Plus sizing Plus sizing wheels & tire combination was designed to enhance vehicle performance and looks by allowing fitment of larger diameter rims and lower profile tires. The theory is that while making these changes, the overall tire diameter is kept within 3% of the original equipment tires. This is important because larger…
It may come as a surprise to some that Chrysler while standing behind so much of their work with the 12/12 warranty, will not cover any warranty pertaining to head gaskets. . This is due to Mopar never having offered coverage on seals and gaskets, unless the seal or gasket came as part of the…
Interior painting Painting the interior of a vehicle is quite simple. I used a bucket, Isopropyl Alcohol (you can get this anywhere, most commonly referred to as rubbing alcohol), and a sponge. I put the alcohol in a bucket, and used the sponge to scrub the oily/waxy substance from the parts. This also removes the…
The following conversion was performed to an Mazda MX-3 seat which was acquired from a local junkyard for $ 18. Ok so take the 16mm bolt off that holds the seat belt on. Then remove the 4 track bolts they are 12mm, slide the tracks all the way back get the fronts out and slide…
The role of the brake fluid within the braking system is to transfer the force from the master cylinder to the corners of the car. A vital characteristic of brake fluid that allows it to perform the task properly is its ability to maintain a liquid state and resist compression. Keeping the fluid in top…
Using higher viscosity oil myths Steel balls of equal weight dropped into test tubes filled with motor oils fall at different rates. Their rate of fall depends on the viscosity of the oil. A widely believed myth in the automotive industry is that using higher viscosity oil will benefit the engine many ways. It is…
Cleaning faded headlights Before & after. This is a very Simple mod. Pick up you some Plastic Polish from your local Wal-Mart, AutoZone, or maybe a local retailer. It can be The Blue Magic Plastic Polish, or I’d suggest some Meguiar’s Cleaner and Polisher. Also, pick up some waxing/buffing pads. You can also use polishing…
Required tools & supplies Rags/towels. You’ll need upwards of 8-12 good-sized clean towels to do the the job. One or two will be used to dry the vehicle off, others to remove wax, and still more for the interior windows etc … Some small towels are handy also. If you can find the old diaper…
Try these non-toxic or less-toxic products as alternatives to some chemicals you might not have at hand at a moment of need.. While a little more “elbow grease” may have to be used with some of these products, lower costs should make the switch an easy one. For this: Try this: Inerior freshener Simmer cinnamon…
Tools & materials: 9 ft of aluminum strips, 1 in wide, 1 mm thick 3M scotchbrite pads Alum polish such as 3M, Mothers, and Meguiars etc. A drill or rotary buffer to polish the fender plates. Can be done by hand, but it far more difficult. A handsaw or Dremel at hand to finish and…
How to build your own type 2 dropped spindles. Here you can see the difference. The idea is to flip the link pin carriers upside down and turn 180 degrees. The fist step is to remove the link pins, link pin bushing, grease zerks, and pinch bolt. Then clean all of the grease/dirt build-up off…
Aerocatch hoodpins An alternative to normal hood pins, the Aerocatch hoodpins provide a flush design, to avoid taking away fro the flush finish of carbon fiber hoods. While flaws in some respects, they are overall worth it in terms of aesthetics. The pins are also paintable and allow for perfect blending with the rest of…
Variable camber steering system A variable camber steering system allows adjusting the camber on the fly, while operating the vehicle, especially during turns to improve handling. OnCamber, LLC, has developed one example of this system which uses a computer to ensure the camber angle set is correct for whatever direction the car is traveling. The…
Spinner Cooler Spinner Cooler prototype mounted up to a Procharger P1SC. Geer Technologies Spinner Cooler is a new Spinning Intercooler (patent pending). The Spinner-Cooler works by using the airflow of an engine’s turbo or supercharger to propel a small turbine fan connected to an assembly made up of evenly spaced tubes. Thus when the bundle…
An extremely simple concept, although untested, the following cylinder head design requires no camshafts, valve springs, valves, or manifolds. Most likely the most simple cylinder head design possible. The concept shares a bit in common with the rotary valve engine designs that have been built and even raced in the past, however takes the simplification…
The Insulated Pulse Engine: A cold adiabatic engine concept by Dave Schouweiler, Minneapolis, MN USA, http://insulatedpulseengine.com This personal study presents a thermally efficient concept for combusting fuel in an internal combustion engine. This is a conceptual paper, not a technical paper, as it contains intuitive approximations and primitive constructions which require refinement. I have been wishing…
One of the many ways to recover wasted energy in a vehicle is through the use of a shock absorber that converts compressive energy into electricity. The movement of a standard shock absorber creates heat, which is neutralized by the oil in the shock. Currently in development, two methods exist for recovering lost energy from…
A 1992 Suzuki Swift built under license in Canada, with a modern US federal EPA mileage rating of 43/51 mpg (46 average) per US gallon. The initial mpg goal for the vehicle was 60/60 (To cause the car to return 60 miles per US gallon at 60 miles per hour). Modifications are listed in four…
A unibody is a one-piece frame and body structure. First, to get some misconceptions out of the way: Welding to the unibody is dangerous. Yes! This can potentially ruin your vehicle. If done improperly it COULD leave a very week spot that can become prone to cracking. So pay attention! Is welding to the unibody…
The primary motivation behind this study was to provide information about what oil filter brands are made by which manufacturers. The secondary motivation was to uncover some of the obvious internal construction issues of these manufacturers. This “study” is not a “test”. The SAE J806 and J1858 tests were designed to test the filtration capability…
Warning! This should only be done in your own parking lot, or a parking lot where you have received permission, or a parking lot where you “accidentally” spilled all of your oil! Curb types A, B, and E, are the most safe of choices. An oil spill in someone’s driveway provides an accurate representation of…
Building these beams is very labor intensive, hence a guide was made to allow others to make them. The first thing to do is scrape and remove as much dirt/greese as you can. Then carefully cut the welde so that you can remove the complete center pin carrier from the beam. On a bay window…
Information is the most crucial part of working one’s own vehicle. Without information most wouldn’t know about 90% of the modifications that can be performed to their vehicle, proper repair procedures, which parts are compatible, what type of vehicle to search for, and much more. Following are some tips on how to be more acquainted…
Welding & modifying struts The most common reason to modify stock struts is for better fitment of coilover sleves. Since the stock spring perches are very large and no longer needed with the installation of coilovers, many owners usually cut off most of the perch and leave enough on to hold the coilover sleve in…
When lowering springs are not an option, coilover suspension seems the only logical choice. To avoid spending extra money on coilover suspension, there is another way to lower a car which costs about $ 50. The basic idea is to shorten the strut housing and rod 2″-3″ so that it doesn’t bottom out when the…
Suspension Active Coils Coils which are free to deflect under load. Also referred to as working coils. Approx. Lowering The approximate amount of chassis ride height reduction. This will vary depending on optional equipment: gas shocks, age of stock springs and upper strut bearings. Bottoming Out The suspension reaches its maximum compressed height, not when…
Ford 1100 ci Sherman tank engine Specs Bore 5.4 in / 137.16 mm Stroke 6 in / 152.4 mm Displacement 1100 ci / 18.0 l Compression ratio 7.5 Torque 1050 ft-lbs at 2200 RPM Horsepower 500 at 2600 rpm Ford’s first overhead cam, 4 valve, aluminum engine was designed for Sherman tanks in WW2. The…
Engine oil filter have one purpose in life: to filter out the particles that enter the oil so that they don’t act as abrasives when the oil recirculates. The filter is a cellulose (paper) or synthetic media that is usually contained in a steel can. The front of the can typically has a threaded center…
Head gasket failure A blown head gasket from a 1.6 Nissan SOHC just after the engine started to smoke. The engine lost two liters of coolant by the time it got to the shop. Blown head gaskets are one of the worst things that can happen to an engine, other than throwing a rod or…
This is a step by step approach to replacing the fwd axles (half shafts, CV joints) in 1st and 2nd generation (1984-1995) Dodge Caravan, Chrysler Town & Country, and Plymouth Voyager vans. This article was written for an 89 Dodge Caravan, however this should apply to all K based Dodge cars without equal length axles….
EEC stands for Electronic Engine Control. Ford uses the computer to electronically control vehicle functions. Fuel injection computers are part of a broader title called Programmable Fuel Management Systems, whose main function is to supply a mixture of fuel and air to the engine that can be easily ignited by spark to produce reliable efficient…
The single most common problem encountered on race cars is bottoming out of the front suspension. It is suprisingly difficult to detect sometimes. This problem can be really frustrating, in fact, a frustrated team and driver can be one of the symptoms that the car is bottoming out! Most cars have more rear suspension travel,…
Chrysler has been a pioneer in automotive engineering, consistently delivering reliable and innovative solutions to meet the evolving needs of drivers. One of their notable contributions to the world of transmissions is the 3-speed automatic front-wheel-drive (FWD) transmission. This blog post explores the history, design, functionality, and impact of this transmission in the automotive industry….
The first step in cleaning your engine is to remove the excess debris that gets trapped in your hood, grille and vent openings. This is particularly true if you live in an area with four seasons. If you have compressed air available, this is the best way to remove old leaves, dead cats and such….
The Jeep Cherokee has long been a symbol of rugged capability and refined comfort. Known for its versatility and off-road prowess, the Cherokee offers a blend of performance, technology, and style. Here’s a detailed look at the specifications that make the Jeep Cherokee a standout choice in the compact SUV market. Performance and Engine Options…
Fender rolling is a process in which one makes more clearance in the fender arches of a vehicle. Typically this process allows for the use of wider/taller tires without the rubbing that normally comes with wider/taller tires. The following shows a typical fender rolling tool. The tool bolts on to the wheel hub. Spacers are…
Shifting technique Heal and toe refers to the right foot position as it operates both the gas and the brake pedal at the same time. Actually, on most modern cars it’s better to use the ball of the foot (under the big toe) on the brake pedal and the edge of the foot (about halfway…
Requirements 3/8ths cold rolled steel plate Vise Angle grinder Thin cut off discs Die grinder Carbide burr Blade Paper Clamps Permanent marker Punch tool (preferrably automatic) Drill press To fabricate an exhaust flange one first needs to acquire good metal material. This can be done by finding a local metal supplier that has a good…
Compression test LS9 Cutaway, revealing the valves and piston. Since the essential function of an engine is pumping air, it is crucial to have good compression. Testing the compression of an engine is a good way to tell if it is healthy. If an engine has poor compression it will run inefficiently (if it runs…
CAMBER Camber alignment. A Cusco camber plate available for the Mazda MX3 on corksport.com. Camber is the angle of the wheels,relative to the road, looking at the car from the front (or rear). Try to imagine a vertical line through the middle of the wheel, 0 degrees camber is when this imaginary line is in…
Requirements: 18mm wrench Jacks & jack stand 10mm socket Ratchet Socket extension Flathead screwdriver Phillips screwdriver Hammer Vise grips The following procedure was performed on a 1999 Daewoo Legasa, and describes how to replace the power steering return line that runs from the steering rack to the power steering reservoir. The power steering line runs…
So this write-up is going to be done on a B18b1 motor, but its basically the same on all Honda 4cylinder motors. This is a very easy replacement. Things you will need: Torque Wrench Socket Wrench 10mm socket Hondabond or similar product New Cam Seal Procedure To start off, make sure your motor is cool….
Mopar Combustion Chamber Cleaner/Conditioner is really good for removing carbon deposits. It works very similarly to Seafoam. The following directions outline the way that professional mechanics have been using the cleaner for years. They were finally published in TSB 18-31-97 for 1996-98 Jeep 4.0 Liter misfire conditions: Procedure Run the vehicle until the vehicle reaches operating…
Following are some computer simulated images of Renault’s F1 aerodynamics and design for 2009 along with information about the aerodynamic function and the way the software is used to simulate it’s effects. Rolling road tests in a wind tunnel use a moving belt to simulate the relative motion of the car and the road. This…
Picking junkyard engines Buddhist monks need engines too! When a cheap engine replacement is needed, one can always take a trip to a local self service junkyard. A self service junkyard will generally charge far less than a full service junkyard. This is due to the cost of extra labor involved in pulling and testing…
Chassis stiffening can help improve ride quality and handling. The energy transferred from the wheels goes into the suspension of the car, and then comes back out as rebound, or is absorbed by the dampers. The problem is that the suspension is bolted to the frame/body, and that frame/body does not have an infinite strength…
Do-It-Yourself Auto Repair An auto repair problem is quite an inconvenience. But after so many miles, auto parts wear out and falter, and eventually need replacement. In any vehicle, a certain amount of maintenance is required such as; oil and filter changes, new brake linings, tires and so forth. Whether you choose to do the…
With all the rumbling, vibrations, beating, and banging happening it can sometimes be easy to forget that an engine is a precision piece of equipment. With all the moving pieces finely tuned and move with the precision of a Swiss watch. That’s a good thing though. Because of the rpm being turned by race engines,…
Here you’ll find some information on how to take a stock A413 valve body and modify it for performance applications. Most of this information was originally posted to turbododge.com by Joe Dzwil, a big thanks to him for sharing his knowledge on this subject. Remove the valve body from the trans, turn it upside down…
Click the icon next to each column title to sort the results. Name Manufacturing Method Size Weight (lbs.) Weight (kgs.) MB Motoring EX6 Cast 22×9 35.0 15.9 Falken Atlantic City Cast 22×9 35.6 16.1 Axis Mulliner Cast 22×9 35.8 16.2 Axis Orden Cast 22×9 38.0 17.2 MB Motoring YUM Cast 22×9 40.5 18.4 MB Motoring…
Click the icon next to each column title to sort the results. Due to the slight variation in wheel weight from different offsets, the offset used to obtain the weight measurement has been included at the end of wheel names when available. Name Manufacturing Method Size Weight (lbs.) Weight (kgs.) Axis Reverb Cast 20×7.5 21.5…
Click the icon next to each column title to sort the results. Due to the slight variation in wheel weight from different offsets, the offset used to obtain the weight measurement has been included at the end of wheel names when available. Name Manufacturing Method Size Weight (lbs.) Weight (kgs.) 6061 A5LW Forged 19×7.5 15.0…
Click the icon next to each column title to sort the results. Due to the slight variation in wheel weight from different offsets, the offset used to obtain the weight measurement has been included at the end of wheel names when available. Name Manufacturing Method Size Weight (lbs.) Weight (kgs.) Centerline Impulse / Storm Forged…
Click the icon next to each column title to sort the results. Name Manufacturing Method Size Weight (lbs.) Weight (kgs.) Superlight Billet Billet/Spun 14×10 10.9 4.9 RS Watanabe EightSpoke R Type Cast Mg 14×10 11.0 5.0 Superlight Ultralight Cast/Spun 14×10 14.7 6.7 RS Watanabe EightSpoke R Type Cast 14×10 15.9 7.2 RS Watanabe EightSpoke R…
Click the icon next to each column title to sort the results. Name Manufacturing Method Size Weight (lbs.) Weight (kgs.) Superlight Billet Billet/Spun 13×10 10.4 4.7 Superlight Ultralight Cast/Spun 13×10 11.6 5.3 Compomotive ML Cast 13×10 15.4 7.0 Circle Racing Series 11 Spun 13×10 15.5 7.0 Circle Racing Series 12 Spun 13×10 15.5 7.0 Circle…
Click the icon next to each column title to sort the results. Name Manufacturing Method Size Weight (lbs.) Weight (kgs.) Chevrolet Sprint / Geo Metro / Suzuki Steel 12×4 10.0 4.5 RS Watanabe EightSpoke F8F Cast 12×4.5 9.0 4.1 Superlight Ultralight Cast/Spun 12×5 7.8 3.5 RS Watanabe EightSpoke F8 Cast 12×5 9.0 4.1 Superlight Sports…
Harness belts Having a seat harness is a great driver aid. Other than being a safety improvement, being securely belted into the seat allows one to spend less time and energy staying in the seat and concentrate more on driving. It’s not uncommon for drivers who don’t use a harness in an autocross situation to…
Extrude Hone Extrude Hone before & after. The quality of a hand PnP (port and polish) job cannot be compared to that of EH (Extrude Hone). Knowing and understanding how EH works eliminates any question regarding to which is better and how the processes are different. A human cannot reach all the same areas and…
Required tools & parts Computer with a PostScript laser printer. Laser Overhead transparency film (5-10 sheets). Available at any office supply store. Clothes Iron & ironing board. If a PostScript laser printer is unavailable, download Ghostscript from the internet. A PDf file of a circuit board layout can also be used, however Adobe Acrobat occasionally…
Caster Caster angle A short dissertation on CASTER, the most misunderstood of the three front wheel alignment angles, with regard to production based roadrace cars. Of the three main front wheel alignment angles, camber, caster, and toe, it is certain that caster is the most confusing and most subtle, and therefore the most misunderstood. This…
A scan tool is one of the most important diagnostic tools to have for working on modern vehicles. A scan tool, code reader, or scanner software provides access to the vehicle’s onboard diagnostics in the event that a CEL (Check Engine Light) comes on to find out what’s wrong. The scan tool allows you to…
A quick disconnect is type of fitting used in many areas of automobiles. Most commonly used on A/C fittings, although also implemented on fuel lines in many Ford Vehicles. The fitting usually consists of a male and female end, a spring, a housing to hold the spring, and two or three o-rings. There are a…
Split port induction These days, four valves per cylinder engines are the norm – everything from the humble 2-litre to the largest V8 seems to run four valve designs. However, there is still a multitude of older two valve designs being modified for performance applications, and of course some current engines – especially US-sourced V8s…
Parts list KLZE j-spec 2.5 V6 with curved neck intake manifold. Aftermarket headers UDP 2.5″ exhaust w/ high flow cat ACT Stage 2 clutch Intake (ZX2 CTA) 10″ pusher radiator fan Mx3 All 4 motor mounts complete Front to rear crossmember A-arms Modified wiring harness Axles Flywheel VAF ECU Probe Distributor Alternator Mx6 Transmission Clutch slave…
This article applies to any vehicle equipped with the 2.5 I4 SOHC engine commonly found in many Chrysler, Plymouth, and Dodge vehicles between 1986-1995. I recently had a problem with my 2.5 liter 4 cylinder engine in my 1989 minivan, the engine began to cut out at 4800 rpm. I discover that my cam timing…
The EEC thinks in a flow-log which can often be difficult for an average person to understand. So it has to be converted into text and broken up into strategies. A strategy is the arranging and planning of actions with reference to accomplishing a short-range objective. By coming up with several different strategies one can…
Engine Load Before you can start planning a fuel injection system you need to know your engines needs, and what kind of driving you’ll be doing. The big engine notes to be made are displacement and cam profile. You should always match displacement in the program, and cam profile always effects inlet airflow properties. Load…
Rail vs truck industry The train industry has so many drawbacks simply due to the way America was planned during the post WW2 era, with advent of suburbia. During the 50s and 60s when the highway system was being developed there were many regulations being created in favor of the automotive industry, thus hurting the…
Getting started Although a familiar concept to some independent mechanics, a lot of people still throw away lots of potential money in the trash by failing to scrap/recycle their metal. This article will help provide tips on how to maximize the amount of money that can be recovered from metal obtained from working on cars, and…
Materials 5 gallon bucket (This is assuming your part will fit in it, if not find proper container that will allow part to be submerged.) Piece of rebar taller than bucket (anode) Clamp Water Baking soda Battery charger 12 gauge electrical wire Safety Precautions Do outdoors as hydrogen gas is released during process Make sure…
Plastigaging bearing clearances Plastigage, provides a fast and accurate way to check bearing clearances. Plastigage is a special extruded plastic thread of a definite diameter with accurately controlled crush properties. The material is round, smooth and flexible through a wide range of temperatures. Extreme cold will make it somewhat brittle and heat will soften the…
Requirements Wheel Chocks / Blocks 5/16″ Socket w 1/4″ Ratchet 1/2″ Socket w 1/4″ Ratchet 15mm Socket w 3/8″ Ratchet 10mm 12-Point Socket w 3/8″ Ratchet Ratchet Extensions 10mm Hex Key Flat Head Screwdriver (Small & Large) Rubber Mallet Needle Nose & Regular Pliers Heavy Duty Retaining-Ring/Snap-Ring Pliers Heavy Duty Lock-Ring Pliers Gasket Scraper RTV…
IAC elimination Common IACs found in Ford vehicles. Almost every modern fuel injected vehicle includes an IAC (idle air control) valve. This valve controlled by a solenoid or stepper motor regulates the air flow during idle when the throttle body is closed. The IAC creates an bypass around the TB (throttle body) and is often…
LED bulbs A test was performed to see if LED bulbs could provide a usable alternative to standard incandescent bulbs frequently used in vehicles. Benefits: Less electricity used, smaller load on the electric system. Technically resulting in higher gas mileage and performance, but too small to matter. Less heat created, potentially helping extend the lifespan…
Requirements Saw Die grinder or Dremmel. Grinding bits. Sandpaper from 200 to 600 grit. T20 size Torx bit. Most Ford MAF (mass air flow) sensors with an aluminum housing have a post that restricts air flow inside it, such as the SN95. By removing it the vehicle can gain horse power by having better flow….
An O2 sensor determines the air fuel ratio in a combustion engine by measuring the amount of unburned oxygen remaining in the exhaust. An ideal ratio is 14.7, which is considered stoichimetric (perfect). The higher the number, the Leaner the Air/Fuel is. The lower the number, the Richer the Air/Fuel is. The following is a…
Parts 12341-p2f-a00 cylinder head gasket (1) 12342-rye-004 spark plug seals (4) 90442-p2a-000 head cover washers (4) (I recommend you buy 5) 14400-p2f-a01 Timing belt (1) 14520-p2a-305 Timing belt tensioner set (1) 19200-p2a-a01 Water pump (1) (comes with new seal) 38920-p2a-003 Compressor belt (1) 56992-p2a-003 P.S. belt (1) 31110-p2a-004 Alternator belt (1) Tools 18″ 1/2″ breaker…
Extracting bolts A collection of successful extractions. Oops! You suddenly find yourself with wrench in hand, the head of the bolt you were trying to extract bouncing on the floor, and the rest of it still in the cylinder head/engine block/suspension piece. Congratulations – you’re about to have an adventure. I recently ran across a…
The following table is sortable by clicking the icon to the right of the property. Code Description P0100 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Malfunction P0101 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance Problem P0102 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low Input P0103 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit High Input P0104 Mass or…
Eccentric bolts Eibach alignment kit. Another variation of alignment bolts. Also known as crash bolts or camber bolts. An eccentric bolt has centers of head and body on different axis so that one is off-center in relation to the other. One of the most common uses is in suspension components of vehicles to perform camber alignment. On…
General tool requirements Jack Jack stands Socket set & common tools Clutch Alignment Tool Pry Bars Breaker Bar Torque Wrench Electrical tools/materials (soldering, insulation, strippers, etc) Required manual parts MTX-75 transmission. These have to be from a DOHC Focus, the SOHC uses a whole different trans! Shift selector. Reverse sensor & connector. Speed sensor &…
Tire rotation can be beneficial in several ways. When done at the recommended times, it can preserve balanced handling and traction and even out tire wear. Tire rotation can even provide performance advantages. Many tire mileage warranties require tire rotation to keep the warranty valid. When should tires be rotated? We recommend that tires be…
Q: Are Platinum or Iridium spark plugs the best? A: No. Platinum and Iridium are some of the worst metal conductors. The main reason for using Iridium is for applications that use Nitrous and turbocharging and develop extreme heat. The reason why Platinum spark plugs are used is for longevity only. They can last up…
Gear ratio lists by manufacturer Chrysler Ford General Motors Hummer Mazda Nissan Toyota Gear ratio is a number, usually expressed as a decimal fraction, representing how many turns of the input shaft cause one revolution of the output shaft. It applies to transmission, power take off, power dividers and rear axles. It can be defined…
The following procedure was written while working on a 2nd gen Ford Escort LX. However it is identical to the procedure in 3rd gen Ford Escorts, and may be similar to 1st gen Ford Escorts as well. It is however strictly for SOHC engines. Please note that replacing the timing belt is not as critical…
When it comes to customizing or replacing the wheels on your Chevrolet or GMC vehicle, understanding wheel bolt patterns is crucial. This often-overlooked detail can make or break your wheel installation process, ensuring both safety and optimal performance. In this blog post, we’ll dive deep into what wheel bolt patterns are, why they matter, and…
A second instance of a 3rd generation Dodge Caravan which was converted to a manual eventually started to have engine vibration issues due to the engine being out of place and sitting much more forward and lower than it should. This occurred from all the stress of having a 5 speed in a heavy vehicle and driving…
Wheel weights are small, often inconspicuous, yet indispensable components attached to the rim of a vehicle’s wheel. Their primary function is to counterbalance any irregularities in the distribution of weight around the wheel and tire assembly. These imbalances can occur due to various factors such as manufacturing tolerances, tire wear, or the mounting process itself….
Car radios are a vital part of any driving experience, providing entertainment and information on the go. However, if you’ve ever had to replace the battery or disconnect your car’s electrical system, you might have encountered a security feature that requires an unlock code to reactivate your Daewoo radio. In this blog post, we’ll delve…
A missing windshield is a rare sight in an auto salvage yard, because most people think it is too difficult to achieve. However, the task is rather simple to do in less than a few hours with the help of a friend or by yourself. Typically when someone damages their windshield the replacement cost can…
In a combustion engine the valve seat is the surface against which intake and exhaust valves rest when they are closed. It is a very critical component in the operation of a combustion engine for if it is not properly positioned, oriented, or formed during manufacturing valve leaking will occur, resulting in a loss of…
The following specifications are for the Ford Contour and Mercury Mystique manufactured throughout 1995-2000. Unless otherwise noted, all unmarked measurements are in inches. For some more V6 and SVT specifications please see the Contour SVT specifications list. Fluids, lubricants, capacities Both engines I4 Zetec V6 Duratec AC Refrigerant R134a AC Refrigent capacity 24.5-27.5 oz Brake…
Applications: Chrysler K 2.5 I4 SOHC engine, used in many Dodge, Chrysler, and Plymouth vehicles from 1986-1995. Chrysler 2.4 DOHC engine, commonly found in the Dodge Caravan, Plymouth Voyager, Dodge Stratus, Chrysler Sebring, and other vehicles. The balance shaft assembly did not change much throughout the two engines, and the whole procedure is quite easy…
Ford VIN numbers decoding 1st position country 1 = United States 2 = Canada 3 = South America 3 = Mexico 4 = United States 6 = Australia 9 = Brazil J = Japan K = Korea L = Taiwan W = Germany 2nd position make B = Ford C = Ford C = Imported…
There are countless ways to increase gas mileage, using all of them together can have quite a big increase on a car’s mpg. Following are various techniques sorted by type. Maintenance Use the recommended oil viscosity, and never a higher grade. Higher viscosity grade oil requires more energy to pump through the engine, and since…
This is what you will be looking at with the car jacked up, wheels removed, shocks disconnected, and axles disconnected. To disconnect the axle from the spring plate first remove the e-brake cables from the e-brake handle, this will allow the axles to move back far enough so that the spring plate can be adjusted….
In the intricate world of automotive engineering, even the smallest components play a crucial role in ensuring smooth and safe operation. One such component often overlooked but essential for vehicle performance and safety is the humble wheel weight. Specifically, when it comes to 17″ wheel weights, their significance becomes even more pronounced. Let’s delve into…
The following is a brief list of steps required for the replacement or swapping of the cylinder heads on a Ford ZX2 with the 2.0 L Zetec engine, produced from 1998-2003. Relieve the fuel pressure. Remove fuel pump fuse. Start the engine and run it until it stalls. Crank the engine 2 more times to…
Seafoam is a 100% petroleum product that can be purchased in any auto parts store. It is used as a fuel system treatment, oil additive, and engine cleaner. Usually it is the best $ 6-9 dollars that can be spent on any car with more 60,000 miles. Seafoam cleans fuel injectors, carburetor jets, carbon buildup,…
To prevent the replacement of good components, be aware that the following non-EEC areas may be at fault: Fuel (quality) Fuel (octane) Basic engine Spark timing The knock sensor is used to detect engine detonation (spark knock). As a result, a voltage sent to the PCM will retard spark timing. The KS is a piezoelectric…
The Barometric Pressure (BP) sensor operates as a piezoelectric (pressure-sensing) disc. However, rather than generating a voltage, its output is a frequency change. The sensor changes frequency relative to intake manifold vacuum. The sensor frequency increases as vacuum increases. The BP sensor is used to sense the changes in barometric pressure, allowing the PCM to…
Both the ACT and ECT sensors are very similar. Before replacing either one, make sure the rest of the coolant system is in good condition. All of the following items will affect the ACT and ECT: Coolant level Radiator Fan Engine Temperature Water pump and Fan Belts Thermostat Engines general condition Harness and wire general…
A sensor is a device that checks a mechanical value and converts it into an electrical signal. It should not be confused with a switch. At times inputs will be referred toa s sensors, but this isn’t true. Some inputs have an ON state and OFF state, these are called switches. Switches come ON at…
Engine stand An older made in U.S.A. engine stand holding 3.8 Essex engine. An engine stand holds a mounted engine to allow convenient access to any area by rotating it. They are a must have for any serious enthusiast and generally range from 30-200 dollars in cost. Cheaper three wheeled (or even 4) designs from…
An Interference engine is a type of internal combustion engine where in the event of a serious valve train failure, or a 180 degree timing error, could lead the valves and pistons to strike each other. The most common cause of this a broken timing belt, but a catastrophic timing chain failure can also bring…
One of the most frequent causes of A/C failure is a malfucntioning clutch on the A/C compressor. When this happens, a loud rattling noise will originate from the engine bay. Sometimes the whole clutch will seize up and tear the belt. Upon replacement, far too many times the entire A/C compressor is replaced rather than…
Relays are meant to control electrical current flow. An electromagnet operates the relay with minimal draw through the switch. Relays are used in fuel injection to make computers cheaper and more reliable. The main computer has many jobs to do and can not do them alone. The computer sends small amounts of electricity to the…
Ford MAF cleaning To have the best performance and efficiency, the MAF (Mass Air Flow) sensor should be cleaned periodically, with frequency depending on driving conditions. Accessing the MAF is quite easy, and requires the same procedure as changing the air filter. Simply remove the clip that binds the MAF housing to the air filter…
The 5.4 3-valve engine found in Ford pickup trucks such as the F-150 has an irregular spark plug design which sometimes breaks during replacement, usually due to lack of regular maintenance at proper intervals. Because the spark plug body extends much further than the thread, there is an area for carbon, rust, and other things…
To prevent the replacement of good components, be aware that the following non-EEC areas may be at fault: Unusually high/low barometric pressure. Kinked or obstructed vacuum lines (MAP). Basic engine (valves, vacuum leaks, timing, EGR valve, etc.). The Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor operates as a piezoelectric (pressure-sensing) disc. However, rather than generating a voltage,…
Ford Rear Wheel Drive Automatic Transmissions 6 Speed Automatic Transmissions Trans Model 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Torqshift 3.114 2.218 1.545 1.096 1.000 0.712 6HP26 4.170 2.340 1.520 1.140 0.870 0.690 6R60 4.170 2.340 1.520 1.140 0.870 0.690 6R75 4.170 2.340 1.520 1.140 0.870 0.690 5 Speed Automatic Transmissions Trans Model 1st 2nd 3rd…
This device is referred to by many names, such as: Idle Air Bypass, Idle Air Control, Idle Speed Control, Throttle Bypass Air, Idle Bypass, Inlet Air Controller, Inlet Air Bypass, Intake Air Bypass, and Intake Air Control. The most popular being Idle Air Control (IAC). The IAB mounts on the side of the throttle body….
The following numbers represent stock vehicles without any modifications to the body. Frontal Area formula = Height * Width * .84 CdA formula = Cd * Frontal Area Click the icon next to each column title to sort the results. Make Mode Year Cd Height (In) Width (In) Frontal Area (ft^2) CdA Acura CL 97…
The throttle position sensor is mounted on the end of the throttle body and tells the computer how far open or closed the throttle is. The TPS is pretty easy to understand how it works, it is a potentiometer just like a dimmer switch in the dash. Voltage is fed to the TPS by the…
Supplies: Carbon fiber cloth (Ebay- $30 an up) Fiber glass resin ($21 an up -Autozone) Super glue( $1- Dollar store) Cutting shears some sort of scrapper (puddy knife) some sort of cardboard to work on Plastic dish Krylon UV protected spray ($8+ shipping -Online) The following shows an example of a carbon fiber overlay performed…
Ford EFI actuators overview Actuators are the components of the Fuel Injection that make everything happen based on commands from the EEC with the help of sensors. Following is more in depth information about each actuator and how it works. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) This air valve allows engine vacuum to open the EGR valve….
This article contains plans to build a device to interface RS-232 (a laptop computer) to the ISO9141-2 / ISO14230 / SAE J1962 (OBD-II) diagnostic connector on many Volkswagen, Audi, Seat, Skoda, and Subaru automobiles. It should also work on many pre-OBD-II models. It has been tested on a 1998 VW GTI 8v and a 1998…
The EGR Vacuum Regulator (EVR) controls the opening and closing of the EGR valve. The EVR is an electromagnetic solenoid and should have between 20-70 ohms resistance between the pins. +12volts should be constant on one side from the EEC Relay, the computer controls the ground signal when EGR flow is needed. When the EGR…
Back pressure being an essential part of a good exhaust system is a myth. It is more correct to say that a perfectly stock engine that cannot adjust its fuel delivery needs back pressure to work correctly.As with all myths, however, there is a hint of fact with this one. Particularly, some people equate back…
The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) is a small signal generator that is turned by a gear inside the transmission assembly. The Vehicle Speed Sensor produces 8 pulse per rotation which a stock computer assumes 8000 pulses per mile. The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) is a variable reluctance sensor that generates a waveform with a frequency…
When it comes to performance and reliability in compact cars, few names stand out like the Ford Focus SVT. One of the key components that make this vehicle a favorite among enthusiasts is its robust Zetec engine block. In this blog post, we’ll dive deep into what makes the Ford Focus SVT Zetec block so…
Although the stock SVT rod (left) is well made, the Eagle rod (right) is much stronger and lighter, due to its H-beam construction, superior materials and ARP series 2000 3/8 rod bolts. The stock SVT rod is of a forged I-beam steel design with a pressed piston pin and is generally reliable up to 360+hp….
Ford fuel injectors Injector Lb/Hr Max V8 HP HP supported by 1 injector Ford Color* 14 Lb/Hr 228 28.56 Gray 19 Lb/Hr 310 38.76 Orange 24 Lb/Hr 391 48.96 Lt Blue 30 Lb/Hr 490 61.19 Red 36 Lb/Hr 587 73.44 Dk Blue 42 Lb/Hr 685 85.68 Lt Green 60 Lb/Hr 800 100 Colors are only…
Against a friend’s recommendation, a cheap set of coilovers from eBay were purchased and tested out on a Mazda MX-3. Appearing much larger in the product photographs, their actual size was quite a surprise. Following are some photographs of the comparison. The original product, usually appearing like the following picture, is very well presented. The…
Many people make false claims that a device they’re selling will increase your gas mileage. Following is a list of various claims along with explanations on why they do not work. Do some research before spending you hard earned money on something that doesn’t work. The only way to improve mileage is to stick to…
Ford mass air flow sensor This sensor uses a heated wire to actually measure the weight of incoming air. The cooler the wire becomes, means more air is passing it, into the engine. Once the mass of incoming air is known, calculating fuel ratio is almost perfect. The air mass is cross referenced with engine…
This sensor tells the computer engine rotation. But it’s a lot more than just a tachometer, it is solely responsible for three aspects of rotation: Revolutions per minute – engine speed and acceleration Cylinder identification – which cylinder needs spark and fuel next Crankshaft / Camshaft position – when valves are opened and closed The…
The Fuel Pressure Regulator is attached to the fuel supply rail downstream of the fuel injectors. It regulates the fuel pressure supplied to the injectors. The regulator is a diaphragm-operated relief valve. One side of the diaphragm senses fuel pressure and the other side is connected to intake manifold vacuum. The nominal fuel pressure is…
This page contains some modifications that were done to a Ford Windstar with a 3.8 Ford Essex engine for amusement. Not much was achieved as engine management was not touched and the transmission shifts too slowly to utilize any benefits. Essex 3.8 balance shaft elimination:This was probably the only modification worth doing, eliminating the balance…
The Ford MTX-75 (Manual TransaXle), is a 5-speed transmission developed by Ford Motor Company for its larger engined front wheel drive models. “75” refers to the distance in millimeters between the main and lay shafts. Debuting in 1992, the transmission was developed in tandem with the Ford Zetec family of engines. The transmission is optimised for transferring larger levels of…
Common Ford power steering issues Ford power steering pump with reservoir. The power steering system commonly found on most Ford vehicles with the 3.8 Essex or 3.0 Vulcan engine has a high failure rate. Larger vehicles such as the Ford Windstar endure higher amounts of stress on the power steering system and are some of…
The 1.6 L 3 cylinder turbocharged EcoBoost engine is an upcoming design in a number of Ford vehicles wearing the Blue Oval badge wearing the Blue Oval badge all around the world within the next few years. The small engine produces 180 hp and 170-175 lb-ft of torque and is more than powerful enough to…